The Shift from Democracy to Dictatorship - Hyperides, Appian and Machiavelli on Fear in Politics.

My English and French translations of a quote from Hyperides in Against Diondas (334 BC, after losing its autonomy to Macedon, Athens saw the influence of men sympathising or proximate with Philip II grow):

"This, indeed, out of everything is the most unexpected, in that before this time (mere) individuals, appropriately, I believe, had to fear lest (collective) vengeance be meted out (on them) by the people, in the face of the immediate present - the people (must) fear, lest an accusation be brought (upon them) by (mere) individuals."

"Ceci est en effet de toutes choses la plus inattendue, dans la mesure où, à des temps précédents, des [simples] individus (ιδιωται), avec raison, je pense, craignaient, de peur que la vengeance [collective] (τιμωρίαν) ne leur soit portée par le peuple (δήμου), mais face au moment immédiat - le peuple a peur que des [simples] individus lui portent accusation."

Three passages in Appian on the creation of Sulla's dictatorship, which lasted from 82 to 78 BC (Roman History Book 13, section 270, 451 and 461, translated by Brian McGing, LCL 5, 2020): 


Machiavel in Discorsi, Book 1, chapter 58 (translated by David Wooton, Hackett Classics, 1994): "When a populace breaks free from restraint, there is no need to fear the foolish things it may do. It is not the present evil one has to worry about but the evil that may develop out of popular government, for a tyrant may seize power in the midst of the confusion. But the opposite is the case with bad monarchs. With them, one fears the present evil and hopes for some future improvement, for men persuade themselves that the evil deeds of their ruler may provoke people to lay claim to their freedom. ... The cruel deeds of the multitude are directed at those whom it fears will endanger the common good; those of a monarch are directed at those whom he fears will endanger his own interests."